Kodi mankhwala a polima ndi chiyani?

Kodi polima ndi chiyani?
Ma polimandi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mamolekyu olumikizana pamodzi mu unyolo. Unyolo uwu nthawi zambiri umakhala wautali ndipo ukhoza kubwerezedwa kuti uwonjezere kukula kwa maselo. Mamolekyu amtundu uliwonse mu unyolo amatchedwa monomers, ndipo mawonekedwe a unyolo amatha kusinthidwa pamanja kapena kusinthidwa kuti akwaniritse katundu ndi katundu wina.
Kupanga kwa dongo lopangira zinthu zambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma polima osinthidwa a ma cell. M'nkhaniyi, komabe, tiyang'ana kwambiri ma polima mumakampani,makamaka polima madzi mankhwala.

Kodi ma polima angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwanji poyeretsa madzi?
Ma polima ndiwothandiza kwambiri pakuyeretsa madzi oyipa. M’lingaliro lenileni, ntchito ya maunyolo a mamolekyuwa ndi kulekanitsa chigawo cholimba cha madzi oipa ndi chigawo chake chamadzimadzi. Zigawo ziwiri za madzi onyansa zikasiyanitsidwa, zimakhala zosavuta kumaliza ntchitoyi mwa kulekanitsa cholimba ndi kuchiza madzi, kusiya madzi oyera kuti athe kutayidwa bwino kapena ntchito zina za mafakitale.
M'lingaliro limeneli, polima ndi flocculant - chinthu chomwe chimagwirizana ndi zolimba zomwe zimayimitsidwa m'madzi kuti zipange floc. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pakuwongolera madzi oyipa, kotero ma polima nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pawokha kuti athe kusuntha, komwe kumatha kuchotsa zolimba mosavuta. Komabe, kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino kuchokera ku njirayi, ma polymer flocculants amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi coagulants.
Ma coagulants amatengera njira yobowoleza kupita ku gawo lina, kusonkhanitsa flocs palimodzi kuti apange unyinji wa matope omwe amatha kuchotsedwa kapena kuthandizidwanso. Polima flocculation ikhoza kuchitika isanawonjezereke coagulants kapena angagwiritsidwe ntchito imathandizira njira electrocoagulation. Chifukwa electrocoagulation ili ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa zonse, kugwiritsa ntchito ma polima flocculants kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchitoyi ndi lingaliro lokongola kwa oyang'anira malo.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma polima ochizira madzi
Kuyeretsa madzi a polima kumatha kugwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa monomer womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga unyolo wa polima. Ma polima nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu. Iwo ndi cationic ndi anionic, ponena za malipiro achibale a unyolo wa maselo.

Ma polima a Anionic pochiza madzi
Ma polima a Anionic ali ndi mlandu wolakwika. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kuyandama zolimba, monga dongo, silt kapena mitundu ina ya dothi, kuchokera ku zinyalala. Madzi onyansa ochokera ku migodi kapena mafakitale olemera akhoza kukhala olemera muzinthu zolimbazi, kotero kuti ma polima a anionic angakhale othandiza kwambiri pazinthu zoterezi.

Ma polima a cationic pochiza madzi
Pankhani ya mtengo wake wachibale, cationic polima kwenikweni ndi yosiyana ndi anionic polima chifukwa ili ndi mtengo wabwino. Malipiro abwino a ma polima a cationic amawapangitsa kukhala abwino pochotsa zolimba kuchokera kumadzi otayira kapena osakaniza. Chifukwa mapaipi amadzi amadzimadzi amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, ma polima a cationic nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ochotsa zimbudzi, ngakhale malo opangira zaulimi ndi chakudya amagwiritsanso ntchito ma polima awa.

Ma polima ambiri a cationic ndi awa:
Polydimethyl diallyl ammonium kloride, polyamine, polyacrylic acid/sodium polyacrylate, cationic polyacrylamide, etc.