Ndi mankhwala ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo otsukira zimbudzi?

Poganizira zanuchithandizo cha madzi oipandondomeko, yambani ndi kudziwa zomwe muyenera kuchotsa m'madzi kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zotulutsa. Ndi mankhwala oyenera a mankhwala, mukhoza kuchotsa ayoni ndi zolimba zing'onozing'ono zosungunuka m'madzi, komanso zolimba zoyimitsidwa. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ochizira zimbudzi makamaka akuphatikizapo: pH regulator, coagulant,flocculant.

Flocculant
Ma Flocculants amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi ntchito kuti athandize kuchotsa zolimba zoyimitsidwa kuchokera kumadzi onyansa poika zonyansa m'mapepala kapena "flocs" zomwe zimayandama pamwamba kapena kukhazikika pansi. Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kufewetsa laimu, kuyika zinyalala ndi zolimba zadehydrate. Ma flocculants achilengedwe kapena amchere amaphatikiza silika ndi ma polysaccharides, pomwe ma flocculants opangidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala.polyacrylamide.

Kutengera mtengo ndi mankhwala amadzi otayira, ma flocculants angagwiritsidwe ntchito okha kapena kuphatikiza ndi coagulants.Flocculants amasiyana coagulantschifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ma polima, pomwe ma coagulant amakhala amchere. Kukula kwawo kwa maselo (kulemera) ndi kachulukidwe kachulukidwe (chiperesenti cha mamolekyu okhala ndi anionic kapena cationic charges) amatha kusiyanasiyana "kulinganiza" kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono m'madzi ndikupangitsa kuti aziphatikizana ndikusowa madzi. Nthawi zambiri, ma anionic flocculants amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchera tinthu tating'onoting'ono, pomwe ma cationic flocculants amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchera tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

PH wowongolera

Kuchotsa zitsulo ndi zonyansa zina zosungunuka m'madzi onyansa, pH regulator ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pokweza pH ya madzi, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ayoni a hydroxide negative, izi zipangitsa kuti ayoni achitsulo opangidwa bwino kuti agwirizane ndi ayoni omwe ali ndi hydroxide oyipa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tichotsedwe.

Coagulant

Panjira iliyonse yoyeretsera madzi oyipa yomwe imachotsa zolimba zoyimitsidwa, ma coagulants amatha kuphatikiza zoyipitsidwa zomwe zayimitsidwa kuti zichotsedwe mosavuta. Ma Chemical coagulants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira madzi otayira m'mafakitale amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: organic ndi inorganic.

Ma Inorganic coagulants ndi otsika mtengo ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi madzi osaphika amtundu uliwonse wocheperako, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku sikoyenera kwa organic coagulants. Akathiridwa m'madzi, ma coagulants ochokera ku aluminiyamu kapena chitsulo amawomba, kutengera zonyansa m'madzi ndikuyeretsa. Izi zimatchedwa "kusesa-ndi-flocculate". Ngakhale kuti n'zothandiza, njirayi imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa matope omwe amafunika kuchotsedwa m'madzi. Ma coagulants odziwika bwino amaphatikizapo aluminium sulphate, aluminium chloride, ndi ferric sulfate.
Organic coagulants ali ndi ubwino wa mlingo wochepa, kupanga matope ochepa komanso osakhudza pH ya madzi oyeretsedwa. Zitsanzo za ma organic coagulants omwe amapezeka ndi ma polyamines ndi polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, komanso melamine, formaldehyde ndi tannins.

mzere wathu wa ma flocculants ndi ma coagulants adapangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo chithandizo chamadzi otayira ndikuchepetsa mtengo wonse wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafuta opangira mchere, kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa mankhwala opangira madzi m'malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito.