The magwero waukulu ndi makhalidwe a mafakitale madzi oipa

Kupanga mankhwala
Makampani opanga mankhwala amakumana ndi zovuta zowongolera zachilengedwekuchiza madzi ake oipazotuluka. Zowononga zotayidwa ndi mafuta oyeretsera mafuta ndi zomera za petrochemical zimaphatikizapo zowononga wamba monga mafuta ndi mafuta ndi zolimba zoyimitsidwa, komanso ammonia, chromium, phenol ndi sulfides.

Chomera chamagetsi
Malo opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi mafuta oyaka, makamaka oyaka ndi malasha, ndi omwe amathandizira kwambirimadzi owonongeka a mafakitale. Zambiri mwa zomerazi zimatulutsa madzi oipa omwe ali ndi zitsulo zambiri monga lead, mercury, cadmium ndi chromium, komanso arsenic, selenium ndi nitrogen compounds (nitrates ndi nitrites). Zomera zokhala ndi zoletsa kuwononga mpweya, monga zokolopa zonyowa, nthawi zambiri zimasamutsa zowononga zomwe zagwidwa m'mitsinje yamadzi oyipa.

Kupanga zitsulo / chitsulo
Madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poziziritsa komanso kulekanitsa ndi mankhwala. Zimaipitsidwa ndi zinthu monga ammonia ndi cyanide panthawi yoyamba kutembenuka. Mtsinje wa zinyalala umaphatikizapo benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenol ndi cresol. Kupanga chitsulo ndi zitsulo kukhala mbale, mawaya, kapena zitsulo kumafuna madzi ngati mafuta oyambira ndi ozizira, komanso hydraulic fluid, batala, ndi granular solids. Madzi azitsulo amafunikira hydrochloric ndi sulfuric acid. Madzi otayira amakhala ndi asidi muzimutsuka madzi ndi zinyalala asidi. Madzi ambiri otayira m'makampani opanga zitsulo amakhala ndi madzi amadzimadzi, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mafuta osungunuka.

Makina opangira zitsulo
Zinyalala zomangira zitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala matope (silt) okhala ndi zitsulo zosungunuka muzamadzimadzi. Kupaka zitsulo, kumalizitsa zitsulo ndi bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB) kupanga ntchito kumapanga silt yambiri yokhala ndi ma hydroxides azitsulo monga ferric hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, copper hydroxide ndi aluminium hydroxide. Zitsulo zomaliza madzi onyansa amayenera kusamalidwa kuti atsatire malamulo onse omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha chilengedwe komanso momwe anthu / nyama zimakhudzira zinyalalazi.

Zochapira za mafakitale
Makampani opanga zovala zamalonda amagulitsa zovala zambiri chaka chilichonse, ndipo mayunifolomu awa, matawulo, MATS pansi, ndi zina zambiri, amatulutsa madzi oyipa odzaza ndi mafuta, wadding, mchenga, grit, zitsulo zolemera, ndi zinthu zosakhazikika zomwe ziyenera kuthandizidwa. asanatuluke.

Makampani amigodi
Miyendo ya migodi ndi madzi osakanikirana ndi miyala yophwanyidwa bwino yomwe imatsalira kuchotsa mchere wambiri, monga golide kapena siliva, panthawi ya migodi. Kutaya bwino kwa michira ya migodi ndi vuto lalikulu kwa makampani amigodi. Michira ndi vuto la chilengedwe komanso vuto lalikulu lamtengo wapatali komanso mwayi wochepetsera mayendedwe ndi kutaya ndalama. Njira zochiritsira zoyenera zitha kuthetsedwa pa maiwe a tailings.

Kutentha kwa mafuta ndi gasi
Madzi otayira pobowola gasi wa shale amatengedwa ngati zinyalala zowopsa ndipo ndi amchere kwambiri. Komanso, madzi wothira mafakitale mankhwala mu jekeseni Wells kuti atsogolere pobowola munali mkulu woipa wa sodium, magnesium, chitsulo, barium, strontium, manganese, methanol, klorini, sulfate ndi zinthu zina. Pobowola, zinthu zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe zimabwerera kumtunda pamodzi ndi madzi. Madzi ophwanyika amathanso kukhala ndi ma hydrocarbon, kuphatikiza poizoni monga benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene ndi xylene omwe amatha kutulutsidwa pobowola.

Malo oyeretsera madzi/madzi oipa
Zomwe zimapangidwira m'mafakitale opangira zimbudzi ndizopanga zinyalala zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zowononga. Ngakhale madzi opangidwanso ndi klorini amatha kukhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga trihalomethane ndi haloacetic acid. Zotsalira zolimba zochokera m'zimbudzi zotchedwa biosolids, zimakhala ndi feteleza wamba, koma zimathanso kukhala ndi zitsulo zolemera komanso zopangira organic zomwe zimapezeka m'zinthu zapakhomo.

Kukonza chakudya
Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zinyalala za nyama ndi feteleza m’zakudya ndi m’madzi onyansa a zaulimi zonse ziyenera kusamaliridwa. Pokonza chakudya kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira, thupi lamadzi limadzazidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimasungunuka ndi zinthu zomwe zimasungunuka kapena mankhwala. Zinyalala zakuthupi zochokera kukupha ndi kukonza nyama, madzi a m'thupi, m'matumbo ndi magazi ndizo zonse zomwe zimawononga madzi omwe amayenera kuthandizidwa.