Maukadaulo a Pam

Zisonyezo zapolyacrylamideNthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa ma culecular, digiri ya hydrolysis, digiri ya Ionic, mafayilo, owoneka bwino, motero weruzani mtundu wa pamphumu!

01Kulemera kwa maselo

Kulemera kwampor kwam kumakhala kotalikira kwambiri ndipo kwasintha kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.Pam, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1970s, inali ndi mabwalo olemera. Kuyambira m'ma 1980, kulemera kwa pakati pamtunda wogwira ntchito bwino kunali kopitilira 15 miliyoni, ndipo ena anafika 20 miliyoni. "Lililonse la ma molekyulu awa ndi ophatikizika kuchokera ku ma macrylate ma ackalaks oposa zana limodzi, ndipo Pam ndi Opanga ndi Moler Centers ali ndi maluso olemera a 7.1 miliyoni)."

Mwambiri, Pam yokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kumakhala ndi ntchito yabwinoko, ndikulemera kwambiri kwa 71 kwa acrylamide ndi 7.1 miliyoni a Pam okhala ndi 6,000 monomer. Kulemera kwa zolemera za polyacrkala ndi kuchotsedwa kwawo kwa mazana masauzande mpaka mamiliyoni 10, molecular olemera (mamiliyoni 10) kulemera kwa 15 miliyoni (olemera 15 miliyoni).

Kulemera kwa macalecular organic zinthu, ngakhale mu chinthu chomwechi si yunifolomu kwathunthu, kulemera kwa mwadzina ndi kumaloko.

02Digiri ya hydrolysis ndi digiri ya ion

Ma digiri ya Pam imakhudza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kwake, koma mtengo wake woyenera umadalira mtundu ndi chikhalidwe cha zinthu zomwe zathandizidwa, padzakhala mfundo zoyenera mosiyanasiyana. Ngati mphamvu ya Ionic ya zomwe amathandizidwa ndi yokwera (yokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe), digiri ya Pam iyenera kukhala yokwera, m'malo mwake, iyenera kukhala yotsika. Mwambiri, kuchuluka kwa anion kumatchedwa digiri ya hydrolysis. Ndipo digiri ya Ionic nthawi zambiri amatanthauza madege.

Ionicity = n / (m + n) * 100%

Pam yomwe imapangidwa kumayambiriro inali polymer kuchokera ku molycerramide, yomwe inalibe ndi gulu la -coona. Musanagwiritse ntchito, Naoh ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndikuwombedwa kwa hydrolyze gawo la gulu la -conh2 ku -coona. Equation ndi motere:

-Konah2 + Naoh → --CONA + ↑

Ammonia gasi amasulidwa nthawi ya hydrolysis. Gawo la Amide Down hydrolysis mu Pam amatchedwa digiri ya hydrolysis of Pam, yomwe ndi kuchuluka kwa anion. Kugwiritsa ntchito pamsonkhano wamtunduwu sikuli koyenera, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ndi osauka (otentha hydrolysis adzapanga kulemera kwa maselo ndi magwiridwe antchito ambiri) kuyambira 1980s.

Kupanga kwamakono kwa Pam kuli ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamakono, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amatha malinga ndi kufunikira koma kudzera mu mayeso enieni kusankha mitundu yoyenera, musafunikire hydrolysis, atathetsa chilengedwe.Komabe, pazifukwa zifukwa, anthu ena amatchulabe zosungunulira za mabotolo monga hydrolysis. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti tanthauzo la hydrolysis ndikuwonongeka kwa madzi, komwe kumakhala mankhwala. Hydrolysis of Pam ali ndi gasi yotulutsidwa; Kusungunuka ndi chochita mwangozi, palibe mankhwala. Awiriwa ali osiyana kwambiri ndipo sayenera kusokonezedwa.

03Zotsalira zotsalira

Zotsalira zotsalira za Pam amatanthauza zomwe ziliacrylamide monomerKu ma acrylamide polymerization ku polyacrlamide mu njira yosakwanira komanso yotsalira pazinthu za ma acrylamide. Ndilo gawo lofunikira kuyeza kaya ndioyenera makampani opanga zakudya. Polyacrylamide ndi poizoni, koma acrylamide ali ndi zoopsa zina. Mu mafakitale polyacrylamide, ndizovuta kupewa zotsalira za smomer osavomerezeka a acrylamide. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zili zotsaliraPam malondaziyenera kulamulidwa mosamalitsa. Kuchuluka kwa monomer yotsalira mu Pam omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumwa madzi ndi malonda omwe saloledwa kupitirira 0.05% padziko lonse lapansi. Mtengo wotchuka wotchuka wakunja ndi wotsika kuposa 0,03%.

04kukweza

Pam yankho ndi zowoneka bwino kwambiri. Kulemera kwa maselo a Pam, mawidwe owoneka bwino. Izi ndichifukwa choti Pam Macromolecles ndi yayitali, maunyolo owonda omwe amakana kwambiri kusuntha kudzera mu njira. Chofunikira cha ma virucnce ndikuwonetsa kukula kwa mphamvu ya mikangano mu njirayo, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ndi yolimba yamkati. Makutu a njira yamitundu yonse ya polimatu ndi yayitali ndipo imawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa maselo. Njira yodziwira kuchuluka kwa zolemera za polymer zinthu zofunika kwambiri, ndikuti mudziwe mawonekedwe ena a njira zina zomwe zimachitika, kenako malinga ndi zolemera zake, zodziwika kuti "Viscose pafupifupi molecular.